Wednesday, November 30, 2011
Hofman Degradation = Hofmann Elimination
Quatenary ammonium salt to tertiary amine and alkene with the attack of a base (OH). (Water as by-product)
Econ2a : Unemployment
Problems in measuring unemployment rate.
Why is it not necessarily an accurate depiction of unemployment in the economy?
1. It is difficult to distinguish between a person who is unemployed and a person who is not in the labor force (not actively seeking job?).
2. Not all unemployment ends with the job seeker finding a job. Almost half of all spells of unemployment end when the unemployed person leaves the labor force.
3. Some people call themselves unemployed to qualify for government aid, or they are working but paid "under the table" (tax evasion).
4. Discouraged workers: Individuals who have given up finding jobs after unsuccessful search.
--------- Mankiw
Why is it not necessarily an accurate depiction of unemployment in the economy?
1. It is difficult to distinguish between a person who is unemployed and a person who is not in the labor force (not actively seeking job?).
2. Not all unemployment ends with the job seeker finding a job. Almost half of all spells of unemployment end when the unemployed person leaves the labor force.
3. Some people call themselves unemployed to qualify for government aid, or they are working but paid "under the table" (tax evasion).
4. Discouraged workers: Individuals who have given up finding jobs after unsuccessful search.
--------- Mankiw
30 Nov 2011
Modern Physics - (absent) something about Neutrinos - stuff I don't care about.
Organic chemistry - We talked about organometallic compounds, such as R-Li and R-MgCl, the latter traditionally referred to as Grignard reagent.
These compounds are useful and important for the substition of RX with a metal atom changes the carbon atom from being an electrophile to a nucleophile, i.e. electrophilic attacck of the carbon atom may occur more easily.
Coupling reactions.
Displacement reactions.
Note of interest: Lithium compounds came to play much later than magnesium due to greater reactivity and consequently difficult in storage of Lithium and (some of) its compounds.
- read course handouts on webpage to appreciate the significance of these reactions.
These organometallic compounds are sensitive to -OH, -NH2 groups. Thus the relevant reactions need to be carried out under air-free, inert atmosphere.
Intro to Economics -- We talked about Fisher Effect, inflation and the cost of inflation (shoeleather cost, menu cost) etc. Coiner remarked that expected inflation are generally less harmful (something along this line). When inflation is below what was expected, creditors benefit, debtors (penghutang) lose; and vice versa.
Mankiw writes that inflation itself does not necessarily lead to decrease of purchasing power.
Linear Algebra -- We began to see the link between eigenvalues and orthogonality/orthogonal matrix. I was totally lost in the lecture. Need to study the last few subtopics of Eigenvalues.
Organic chemistry - We talked about organometallic compounds, such as R-Li and R-MgCl, the latter traditionally referred to as Grignard reagent.
These compounds are useful and important for the substition of RX with a metal atom changes the carbon atom from being an electrophile to a nucleophile, i.e. electrophilic attacck of the carbon atom may occur more easily.
Coupling reactions.
Displacement reactions.
Note of interest: Lithium compounds came to play much later than magnesium due to greater reactivity and consequently difficult in storage of Lithium and (some of) its compounds.
- read course handouts on webpage to appreciate the significance of these reactions.
These organometallic compounds are sensitive to -OH, -NH2 groups. Thus the relevant reactions need to be carried out under air-free, inert atmosphere.
Intro to Economics -- We talked about Fisher Effect, inflation and the cost of inflation (shoeleather cost, menu cost) etc. Coiner remarked that expected inflation are generally less harmful (something along this line). When inflation is below what was expected, creditors benefit, debtors (penghutang) lose; and vice versa.
Mankiw writes that inflation itself does not necessarily lead to decrease of purchasing power.
Linear Algebra -- We began to see the link between eigenvalues and orthogonality/orthogonal matrix. I was totally lost in the lecture. Need to study the last few subtopics of Eigenvalues.
Sunday, November 13, 2011
Carbocation Rearrangement
If you avoid formation of carbocation in your synthesis, you avoid carbocation rearrangement. (advantage of using oxymercuration-reduction route in synthesis of alcohol from alkyl-substituted alkenes.)
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